Open facebook app in smartphone. When you see a picture in it and want to share to your friends through whatsapp then open the picture by clicking on time on it.
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Next is to hold your finger on that picture for 1 sec then 3 options will appear at the bottom.
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Choose "Share External". It will give you all the options according to the installed apps in your phone. To share with Whatsapp, choose whatsapp icon.
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It will take you to your whatsapp app and choose the person there you want to send that picture.